What is an earthquake and what causes them to happen. An earthquake is shaking or trembling of the earths surface, caused by the seismic waves or earthquake waves that are generated due to a sudden movement sudden release of energy in the earths crust shallowfocus earthquakes or upper mantle some shallowfocus and all intermediate and deepfocus earthquakes a seismograph, or. When you see a news report about an earthquake, the reporter always mentions the place on earth s surface where the earthquake has been located. As discussed all earthquakes are relatively shallow, with the deepest at about 700 km depth. This release of energy causes intense ground shaking in the area near the source of the earthquake and sends waves of elastic energy, called seismic waves, throughout the earth. An earthquake is caused by a sudden slip on a fault. Earth s layers can be examined indirectly, such as by studying earthquakes, magnetism, gravity, and heat flow and by applying the laws of physics. Oct 29, 2015 this feature is not available right now. Earthquake energy also causes earth s surface to vibrate.
Seismologists use seismic waves to learn about earthquakes and also to learn about the earths interior. Photos, videos, and podcasts selected lists of earthquake damage, faults, and effects photos, videos, and podcasts. Many earthquakes happen at the borders of tectonic plates. By analyzing these seismic waves, seismologists can explore the earth s deep interior. Seismology and earths interior body waves can travel deep. Chapter 8 earthquakes and earths interior section 8. We have sensors that can take pictures of the layers. Seismographs are instruments that detect and record seismic wave. Chapter 8 earthquakes and earths interior section 1 what is an earthquake. Reading strategy building vocabulary as you read this section, write a definition for each vocabulary term in your own words. Most of our knowledge of earths interior comes from the study of p and s earthquake waves 1.
Earthquakes can range in size from those that are so weak that they cannot be felt to those violent enough to propel objects and people into the air, and wreak destruction across. Earthquakes and earths interior objectives explain the connection between earthquakes and plate tectonics. Dec 01, 2019 importance of understanding the interior of the earth understanding the structure of the earths interior crust, mantle, core and various forces heat, seismic waves emanating from it is essential to understand the evolution of the earths surface, its current shape and its future. Also, the origin of many phenomena like earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunami etc are linked with the structure of earths interior. Multiple choice questions for earthquakes chapter 16 each chapter will include a few questions designed to test your knowledge of material covered in the chapter and in the internetbased resources. Our direct knowledge of earth s interior is limited to the first few tens of kilometers immediately below the surface. Earthquakes teacher notes and student activities ga record.
The field also includes studies of earthquake environmental effects such as tsunamis as well as diverse. Earthquakes occur most often along geologic faults, narrow zones where rock masses move in relation to one another. An earthquake in simple words is shaking of the earth. Its like when youre teacher loses their marbles because youve asked them the same question 7 times in a row. The focus of an earthquake is the place within earth where the earthquake originates. Earthquakes and the earths interior a violent pulse. For more information on this reading strategy, see the. An earthquake, or seismic event, is a sudden movement of earths crust that releases energy. Studying the earths interior can help us to understand earthquakes, volcanoes, plate tectonics and more about the inner earths natural processes. Body wave seismic waves that travel through the earth interior. Understanding the basic structure of earth is very important to learn higher concepts well. As pwaves travel, the surrounding rock is repeatedly compressed and then stretched. Use the green headings as the main topics and the blue headings as subtopics.
Chapter 8 earthquakes and earths interior science final. Vocabulary earthquake focus epicenter fault elastic rebound hypothesis aftershock foreshock each year, more than 30,000 earthquakes occur worldwide that are strong enough to be felt. Earthquake waves transmitted through the earth are of two types. Energy released at an earthquakes focus radiates outward as body waves, which are of two kinds. One ingenious way scientists learn about earths interior is by looking at earthquake waves. Geology 12 earthquakes and earths interior youtube. That activity builds stress and creates earthquakes. The shaking or trembling caused by the sudden release of energy usually associated with faulting or breaking of rocks continuing adjustment of position results in aftershocks what is the elastic rebound theory. Seismic waves, shadow zone of pwaves and swaves pmf ias. This waveform energy can be measured around the globe. Earthquakes occur when energy stored in elastically strained rocks is suddenly released. In this article geography section, we discuss the interior of the earth. The activity uses the us geological surveys color poster san francisco bay area earthquakes or the page size color image of the poster provided here. An earthquake also known as a quake, tremor or temblor is the shaking of the surface of the earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the earth s lithosphere that creates seismic waves.
Chapter 8 earthquakes and earth s interior section 8. Also, since earth has a magnetic field, there must be metal within the planet. Earthquakes and earths interior earthquakes create seismic waves that travel through the earth. Earthquake the study of seismic waves provides a complete picture of the layered interior. If you know are looking for the cassette pdf as the complementary of reading, page 12. Core located beneath the mantle, it is the innermost layer of the earth divided into two regions. Travel times of p and s waves through earth vary depending on the properties of the materials 2. Mar 24, 2020 earthquake, any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through earths rocks. Earthquakes teacher notes and student activities 7 the causes and types of earthquakes most earthquakes are caused by the movement of the earths tectonic plates. Learn more about the causes and effects of earthquakes in this article.
Swaves secondary waves arrive after pwaves because they travel more slowly. Effectsimpacts of earthquakes there are many effects of earthquakes including, but not limited to the following. Earthquakes shout into the earth s interior and their echoes reveal a hidden world of moving plates, regions of swirling rock and subterranean oceans of molten iron. Explain how the materials in earths interior affect seismic waves. The study of earthquake waves in the last one hundred years has provided an explosion of information about the earth s interior. Seismic waves help scientists understand the earth s interior by calculating speeds and direction of the waves, scientists can learn about the interior of earth. Robertson abstract evidence on the structure and composition of the earths interior comes from 1 observations of surface rocks, 2 geophysical data from earthquakes, flow of heat from the interior, the magnetic field, and gravity, 3 laboratory ex. Earths interior workbook answers earthquakes study workbook answers chapter 17 earth science guided reading and earth science guided reading and study workbook 3 ipls earths interior is the second source of energy for earth systems. Broken windows collapse of buildings fires, as seen in the 1906 san francisco earthquake tsunamis, as seen in the 2004 sumatran earthquake landslides destabilization of the base of some buildings which may lead. Explain the difference between a seismograph and a seismogram. Earthquake the vibration of the earth produced by rapid release of energy.
The focus is the point on the fault surface where motion begins. Start studying earthquakes and earths interior chapter 8. Define and describe the composition of earths crust, mantle and core. Test and improve your knowledge of prentice hall earth science chapter 8. This section explains what earthquakes and faults are and what causes earthquakes. Use this quiz to study for the earth s interior quiz. Reading strategy outlining as you read, fill in the outline with the important ideas in this section. The refraction or reflection of seismic waves is used for research into the structure of the earth s interior. Other clues to earths interior includes the fact that we know that earths overall density is higher than the density of crustal rocks, so the core must be made of something dense, like metal. P waves primary waves, which are compressional and s waves secondary waves, which are shear waves. Earthquakes are the result of plate tectonics, or shifting plates in the crust of earth, and quakes occur when the frictional stress of gliding plate boundaries builds and causes failure at a. Energy released at an earthquake s focus radiates outward as body waves, which are of two kinds. Field investigations determined that during this single earthquake, the pacific plate.
Seismogram are the recording made by seismograph and they are used to determine the time and location of earthquakes. The tectonic plates are always slowly moving, but they get stuck at their edges due to friction. Earthquakes in california along the san andreas and associated faults have shallow focal depths. Seismic waves travel outward from the site of initial rupture along a fault in a. About 95% of all earthquakes occur in the circumpacific belt coastal regions of chile, central america, indonesia, japan, and alaska and along the alpinehimalayan belt europeasia. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Multiple choice questions for earthquakes chapter 16. Therefore, earthquakes are most frequent along the edges of the tectonic plates where one plate is moving relative to the adjoining plate. Earthquakes and earths interior summary abrupt movements of faults that release elastically stored energy cause earthquakes elastic rebound. Reading strategy sequencing after you read, complete the sequence of layers in earth s interior. Earthquake summary posters for significant earthquakes. The deadly izmit earthquake struck northwest turkey on august 17, 1999, at 3 a. The movement of earths crust resulting from the release of built up potential energy between two stuck tectonic plates. Exercise 5 lab report 6 earthquakes and earths interior wge.
Earths interior earthquake energy the stresses that cause earthquakes are applied by tectonic forces ultimately derived from convection in the earths interior driven by decay of. Learn about earthquake activity, the locations of faults, and earthquake hazards in the san francisco bay area. When you see a news report about an earthquake, the reporter always mentions the place on earth s surface where the earthquake. Earthquakes and the earth s interior earthquakes earthquakes occur when energy stored in elastically strained rocks is suddenly released.
Earthquakes and earth s interior with fun multiple choice exams you can take online with. Energy moves outward as an expanding sphere of waves. The mild motion of a small seismic event can be exciting. Seismic waves are waves of energy that travel through the earth s layers and are a result of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, magma movement, large landslides and large humanmade explosions. Earthquakes and earths interior free download as powerpoint presentation. Surface waves can only travel very near the surface of the earth. Earthquakes and earths interior what causes earthquakes. Earthquake, any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through earths rocks. Earthquakes an earthquake is a trembling or shaking of the ground caused by a sudden release of energy stored in the rocks beneath the earths surface. Plates, earthquakes and volcanoes maite cozar activity 5 fill the mindmap with the words below. This fact sheet uses data from the 1994 magnitude 6. The other main risk from earthquakes is the generation of tsunami. Tsunami were primarily responsible for most of the 280,000 deaths in one of the earths deadliest earthquakessumatra, 2004and for most of the tens of billions of dollars in damage in one of the earths costliest earthquakestohoku japan, 2011. The earths interior a look at the layers of the inner earth.
Earthquakes and earth interior practice test answer. Earthquakes and earths interior chapter 8 flashcards quizlet. Also, since earth has a magnetic field, there must be metal within the. The epicenter is the point on earth s surface directly above the focus. These layers of the earth interact in ways that affect life on the earth.
These vibrations travel laterally as surface waves. Over 14,000 residents of the region were killed as poorly constructed. Earthquakes from the link above, color in each state with the appropriate color from your key in order to represent how many earthquakes of magnitude 3. The earth, the crust, the mantle, the core, continental crust, oceanic crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, inner core, outer core, lithosphere 865 km thick 2900 km thick 3480 km thick 5500. How do earthquakes help scientists know about the earths. Chapter 6 earthquakes practice exam and study guide. Solid, metallic layer beneath the outer core the outermost part of the mantle is completely solid and is called the rigid.
Earthquakes and earths interior flashcards quizlet. There are two kinds of body waves, and two kinds of surface waves. It is caused due to release of energy, which generates waves that travel in all directions. Pwaves primary waves are the fastest type of seismic wave. By analyzing these seismic waves, seismologists can explore the earths deep interior. Broken windows collapse of buildings fires, as seen in the 1906 san francisco earthquake tsunamis, as seen in the 2004 sumatran earthquake landslides destabilization of. The earths interior the earths interior is made up of four layers see diagram below. There is a large amount of geologic activity and movement along the borders of these plates. Earths layers can be examined indirectly, such as by studying earthquakes, magnetism, gravity, and heat flow and by applying the laws of physics. Earthquakes and earths interior what are earthquakes. Vibration of earth produced by the rapid release of energy 2.
Earthquakes create seismic waves that travel through the earth. The rock is shifted up and down or side to side as the wave travels through it. When the stress on the edge overcomes the friction, there is an earthquake that releases energy in waves that travel through the earth s crust and cause the shaking that we feel in california there are two plates the pacific plate and the. Earthquake vibrations are measured with seismometers.
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